This document summarizes the activities of Work Package 3, Task 3.3 and outlines the approach and progress related to business model and business plan development across the five living labs in Kenya, Morocco, Ghana, Malawi, and South Africa. This document is the final project report and provide updates until August 2025.

Executive Summary

This deliverable summarizes the activities of Task 3.3 within Work Package 3 of the Smart Energy Solutions for Africa (SESA) project. The SESA project entails supporting demonstrations and validation sites across Kenya, Morocco, Ghana, Malawi and South Africa, and multiple replication sites.

Task 3.3 involves supporting the co-development and co-testing of nine business models as part of the demonstration actions and living labs. The key objective is to provide support to ventures1 in developing viable and sustainable business models, to document learnings and reflections around successes and failures, to enable peer-to-peer knowledge exchanges among the partners, and to demonstrate the scalability possibility for some of the use cases. Some ventures are already a member of the SESA consortium while others were selected as part of the living lab stakeholders or through the SESA Call for Entrepreneurs, as follows:

• Kenya: WeTu (consortium member)
• Malawi: Going Green and Make it Green (consortium members) as well as Smart Energy Enterprise (SEE) selected through the first SESA Call for Entrepreneurs Validation Call, based on a rigorous process through Task 3.4.
• South Africa: uYilo (consortium member)
• Morocco: Green Energy Park (consortium member) in collaboration with local SMEs POGO
• Ghana: Nastech and Econexus – selected through the first SESA Call for Entrepreneurs, based on a rigorous process through Task 3.4.

This report is the fourth and final deliverable as part of Task 3.3. In the fourth year, the focus has been on expanding and reflecting on learnings across the use cases, updating operational and financial data for advanced pilots (e.g. e-mobility Kenya and Morocco), exploring the business dimensions and performance (e.g., cooling Kenya, EV in South Africa), testing and improving efficiency (e.g., EV in Kenya, briquetting Malawi) and scaling product and service rollouts to more users (e.g., EV in Morocco, cooling Kenya, briquetting Malawi).

The report also highlights cross-collaborations and coordination within and among WPs, in which Task 3.3 has played an active role in and that will better inform the work collectively in the project. In addition, the report briefly summarises the use cases in the 5 countries within the scope of the task and indicates the progress underway and the next steps. This deliverable has been updated every year in M12, M24, M36 and M48.